安装Kubectl

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日常工作中，您可能需要在自己的笔记本电脑上执行 kubectl 命令以管理远程 Linux 服务器上的 Kubernetes 集群。

TIP

从客户端电脑使用 kubectl 远程管理 Kubernetes，这个步骤并不是使用 Kuboard 的必要步骤。可以忽略

在客户端电脑安装 kubectl

Kubernetes 文档参照 安装 kubectl (opens new window) 安装时，经常会失败，因为国内访问 google 的镜像仓库存在问题。

请参考下述内容，完成 kubectl 的安装

配置K8S的yum源

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
       http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装kubectl

yum install -y kubectl

验证安装

kubectl version

• 从下面的链接下载 kubectl 可执行文件

  https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.16.2/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe

  • 请将其中的 v1.16.2 替换为最新的版本号
  • 通过此链接可获取最新的版本号 https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt

• 将下载的可执行文件添加到 PATH 环境变量

• 执行命令查看已安装的 kubectl 版本号

  kubectl version
  

• 下载最新的可执行文件

  curl -LO "https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl"
  

• 添加可执行权限

  chmod +x ./kubectl
  

• 复制到 PATH 路径

  sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
  

• 检查已安装版本

  kubectl version
  

获取 kubectl config 文件

如果您参考 离线安装高可用的Kubernetes集群 或 安装 Kubernetes 高可用 完成了 Kubernetes 安装，请在 demo-master-a-1 节点上执行如下命令

cat /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

输出内容如下所示：

apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: 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
    server: https://apiserver.demo:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kubernetes-admin
  name: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
current-context: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubernetes-admin
  user:
    client-certificate-data: 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
    client-key-data: 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

配置 kubectl 客户端

在客户端电脑完成如下配置，即可远程管理 Kubernetes 集群

执行命令

vi ~/.kube/config

将前面获得的 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 文件的内容粘贴进该文件并保存

配置 hosts

echo "x.x.x.x    apiserver.demo" >> /etc/hosts

• 将 x.x.x.x 替换成 demo-master-a-1 的实际 IP 地址
• 将 apiserver.demo 替换成前面获得 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 文件中 clusters/cluster/server 中 URL 里 host 对应的部分

验证安装结果

执行命令

kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

执行命令

用记事本（或其他文本编辑器）创建文件 ~/.kube/config，其中 ~ 代表当前的用户目录

将前面获得的 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 文件的内容粘贴进该文件并保存

配置 hosts

用记事本打开 C:\windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts 文件（需要管理员权限），在该文件末尾添加一行记录：

x.x.x.x    apiserver.demo

• 将 x.x.x.x 替换成 demo-master-a-1 的实际 IP 地址
• 将 apiserver.demo 替换成前面获得 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 文件中 clusters/cluster/server 中 URL 里 host 对应的部分

验证安装结果

执行命令

kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

执行命令

vi ~/.kube/config

将前面获得的 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 文件的内容粘贴进该文件并保存

配置 hosts

echo "x.x.x.x    apiserver.demo" >> /etc/hosts

• 将 x.x.x.x 替换成 demo-master-a-1 的实际 IP 地址
• 将 apiserver.demo 替换成前面获得 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 文件中 clusters/cluster/server 中 URL 里 host 对应的部分

验证安装结果

执行命令

kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

kubectl 参考文档推荐

https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/ (opens new window)